Paper Grammar

1.            Penggunaan TOBE

  IS

    WAS

  AM

   ARE              →         WERE

     ↓                                   ↓                                     

PRESENT                 PAST TENSE

             

              Keterangan :

1.      Kata Sifat

2.      Kata Benda

3.      Ket. Tempat

4.      Verb+ing (sedang)

5.      Verb 3 (di …..)

Contoh-contoh kalimat yang menggunakan TOBE :

1.      Kata Sifat

Ø  Rika is a smart girl

Ø  They are a Loyal group

Ø  My mother is tall and beautiful.

Ø  Andy and Jill are clever.

Ø  I am sick.

Ø  They are young and handsome.

Ø  We are dilligent.

Ø  My new friend is so friendly.

Ø  We are smart and diligent

Ø  She is so honest

Ø  Geo is a sweet girl

Ø  We are Funny

2.      Kata Benda

Ø  It is a chair.

Ø  I am a Policeman

Ø  She is a Teacher

Ø  They are doctors

Ø  We are soldiers

Ø  You are a nurse

Ø  It is a Computer

Ø  My mother is a Doctor

Ø  They were a students two years ago

Ø  I am a student

Ø  He was a Lecture five years ago

Ø  It is my Handphone

3.      Ket. Tempat

Ø  My father is in Jakarta.

Ø  Nancy is in the kitchen.

Ø  The men are in the waiting room.

Ø  I am in my bedroom.

Ø  We are in the living room

Ø  We are in London for a moment

Ø  Anton and Kikan are in Jakarta now

Ø  Steven is at school now

Ø  They are here

Ø  My mommy is in the kitchen

Ø  My sister is in her University, IPB

4.      Verb + ing

Ø  She is preparing breakfast.

Ø  He is fixing his car.

Ø  The flowers is Dying

Ø  Sinta is Lying

Ø  You are walking around the school.

Ø  They are playing football in the park.

Ø  I am reading a newspaper.

Ø  We are making salad for dinner.

Ø  I am fleeing from my teacher

Ø  I am making milk shake

Ø  She is writing a novel

Ø  He is Kissing her mother

5.      Verb 3 (di ….)

Ø  A letter was written by him.

Ø  I was Kissed by my mom

Ø  Anton was kicked by her friends

Ø  Plate was broken by me

Ø  She was given a flower by her boyfriend

Ø  We were hit by Cows

Ø  That competition was won by Mira

Ø  That bag was bought by My mom

Ø  Ice cream is eaten by me

Ø  My sister was hurt by her boyfriend

Ø  The picture was drawn by my brother

Ø  We are thought English by Mr. Didi

Ø  The dictionary was brought by me

2           . Introductory There

     (+)  There is (ada) a/an …

     (+)  There are (ada) some …

     (- )  There is not (tidak ada) a/an …

     (- )  There are not (tidak ada) some …

     - Is there (adakah) a/an …. ?? Yes / No….

     - Are there (adakah) some ….?? Yes / No ….

     Contoh-Contoh Kalimatnya :
(+) There is a Pig

(+) There is a Policeman

(+) There is a girl in the park.

(+) There are eggs in the fridge.

(+) There are some apples

(+) There are some flowers

(- ) There is not a mouse

(- ) There is not an orange

(- ) There are not any  eggs on sale here

(- ) There are not any tree

- Is there a Farmer? Yes there is / No, there isn’t

- Is there a Fieldrice?

- Is there an apple?

- Are there some plants ? Yes there are / No, there aren’t

- Are there some Flowers?

- Are there some Animals?

Note:

Perbedaan SOME dan ANY

SOME

1. We use “some” in a positive statement and “any” in a negative statement or a question. 
2. We use both “some” and “any” with countable or uncountable nouns.
3. We use “some” in a question if it is an invitation or a request.
4. We join “some” and “any” with “one”, “body” or “thing” to form positive sentences and negative sentences respectively. 

ANY

1. I have a sister. / I don’t have a sister. / Do you have any sister?
2. He bought some oranges. / He spent some time looking for his lost wallet. / There aren’t any eggs on sale here. / There isn’t any tea in the kettle.
3. Would you like to drink some milk? Can you do something for me?
4. Someone has taken my book. / Anyone could have taken it./ There’s somebody waiting to see you. / Has anybody seen the film? / I want something to eat. / Would you like anything else to eat?

3 . Modals

               

 Can = Dapat

May = Boleh

Must = Harus

Should = Seharusnya

Will/Shall = Akan

Keterangan :

1.      Be Kata sifat

2.      Be Kata benda

3.      Be Ket. Tempat

4.      Verb 1

5.      Be Verb 3 (di . . . . .)

Contoh –contoh kalimat :

1.      Be Kata sifat :

-          I should be a Tidy girl

-          I can be a Smart girl

-          I must be a diligent student

-          She must be a Honest girl

-          We will be a great team

-          They can be a perfect group

2.      Be Kata Benda

-          My sister will be a scientist

-          I must be the best Muslimah

-          My brother will be a programmer

-          She should be a Teacher

-          It will be a Book

-          The sugar will be a candy

3.    Be Ket. Tempat

-        She will go to the school

-        My brother should be here now

-        I can go to the beach tomorrow

-        She must be in her class right now

-        Mira may be in here

4    . Verb 1

-        I can do that

-        I must cook that chicken

-        I may do anything at my house

-        I should study last night

-        I will learn how to make a cookies

-        She may watch the television now

5    .  Be Verb 3

-        I will hugged by my sister

-        The book will brought by me

-        Supermi should cooked by my mommy

-        I will found by my friends

-        The Computer can played by my Nanny

             

4 . Simple Present Tense

Subject + Verb1 + Object + Modifier

            Note: jika subject diikuti oleh adjective atau noun, gunakan be: is/am/are. Is digunakan jika subject-nya singular yaitu he, she, it dan noun yang dapat digantikan dengan subject pronoun he, she atau it; Am jika subject-nya I; Sedangkan, are jika subject-nya you, they, atau we.  Subject pronoun I, you, they, we, dan noun yang dapat digantikan dengan I, you, they atau we disebut plural subject.

Contoh:

1. Farmers in Jati Bali grow rice crops twice a year. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali bercocok tanam padi dua kali setahun).
2. Some students usually conduct research on vegetative plant propagations. (Beberapa siswa biasanya melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif).
3. Transpiration starts to increase at 8 a.m. (Transpirasi mulai meningkat jam 8 pagi).

            Note: Pada contoh 1 dan 2 digunakan plural verb karena subject-nya plural, sedangkan pada contoh yang ketiga digunakan singular verb [verb1 + (s atau es)] karena didahului oleh singular subject.

            Kapan verb1 ditambahkan huruf s dan kapan ditambahkan huruf es sehingga menjadi singular verb yang benar? Hampir semua singular verb dibentuk dengan menambahkan huruf s diakhir verb1 (i.e. Verb1 + s ). Namun, mengingat jumlah verb sangat banyak, maka yang perlu dipahami/dihafal sekarang adalah kapan kita harus menambahkan es. Ketentuannya adalah jika verb1 berakhiran dengan huruf “o, x, ch, y, th, s,  dan sh” maka Verb1 + es.

                        Contoh:

Verb1	Verb1 + es	Meaning
go do box watch pinch punch study cry fly try press pass smash brush bath sooth wash	goes does boxes watches pinches punches studies cries flies tries presses passes smashes brushes bathes soothes washes	pergi melakukan/mengerjakan bertinju menonton mencubit memukul belajar menangis terbang mencoba menekan, tindis lulus, meloloskan memukul menyikat mandi menenangkan mencuci

            Note:

• Huruf ‘y’ yang didahului oleh konsonan berubah menjadi ‘i’ (Lihat: studies, tries, cries).
• Verb have (mempunyai) berubah secara tidak beraturan menjadi has.

Contoh-contoh lain kalimat yang menggunakan Simple Present:

(+)  Subject + verb 1 + e/es( untuk S : she/he) + Object + Every … :

-        Rika watches Television every morning

-        They plays Footbal every Sunday

-           Sala Ahmadi takes the book from Aan Nuryana

-          He goes to the market every morning

-          Mr. Tatang sometimes teaches English in the afternoon

-          She lives in a small house in front of my house

-          I work at the office.

-          I go to the office by train.

-          He usually wears a black tie.

-          We usually greet the teachers if we meet them.

-          Farmers in Jati Bali grow rice crops twice a year. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali bercocok tanam padi dua kali setahun).

-          Some students usually conduct research on vegetative plant propagations. (Beberapa siswa biasanya melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif).

            Negative Form

            Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam Simple Present Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan kata bantu ‘do’ atau ‘does’ (tergantung dari subject kalimat)  dan not, seperti terlihat dalam formula berikut,

Subject + (does/do) + not + Verb1 + Object + Modifier

            Note: a) Jika kalimat positifnya menggunakan singular verb (i.e. verb1 + s/es), gunakan kata bantu does sebelum not dan jangan lupa untuk merubah singgular verb tersebut menjadi verb1. Does not dapat disingkat doesn’t dan do not dapat disingkat don’t. b) Jika kalimat positifnya menggunakan be (i.e. is, am atau are), kata bantu do atau does tidak diperlukan. Yang perlu dilakukan di sini hanyalah menyisipkan not setelah be, yang masing-masing dapat disingkat menjadi isn’t/ aren’t. Kontraksi am + not adalah ain’t, tetapi jangan gunakan kontraksi ini dalam tulisan/percakapan formal karena sangat tidak formal.

Contoh:

-          The sun does not rise in the west and does not set in the east. (Matahari tidak terbit di barat dan tidak tenggelam di timur).

-          The full moon does not come every 15 days. (Purnama tidak datang tiap 15 hari).

-          The planet earth does not take 400 days to rotate the sun. (Planet bumi tidak butuh 400 hari untuk mengelilingi matahari).

-          My son does not always go to school on foot. (Putraku tidak selalu pergi ke sekolah dengan berjalan kaki).

-          Mr. Bain does not always play badminton every Sunday morning. (Mr Bain tidak selalu main bulutangkis tiap minggu pagi).

-          Mr. Budi does not always drive a car to the office. (Mr. Budi tidak selalu naik mobil ke kantor).

-          I do not believe you. (Saya tidak percaya kamu).

-          I do not understand English better now. (Saya tidak memahami bahasa Inggris dengan lebih baik sekarang).

-          The song does not sound good but I can catch every single word in it. (Lagu itu tidak terdengar manis tapi saya dapat menangkap setiap  kata di lagu itu).

-          The snack does not taste good. (Camilan itu tidak  terasa lezat).

-          I do not love you very much. (Saya tidak sangat cinta kamu).

-          I do not always watch Hollywood movies to maintain my English proficiency. (Saya tidak selalu nonton film-film Hollywood untuk mempertahankan kemampuan bahasa Inggrisku).

-          My children do not always practice their English every Saturday night. (Anak-anakku tidak selalu melatih bahasa Ingggrisnya setiap sabtu malam).

-          He is never late. (Dia tak pernah telat).

-          Although he does not always study hard, he always gets good results. (Walaupun dia tidak selalu belajar keras, dia selalu  memperoleh nilai bagus).

-          I don't work at the office.

-          I don't go to the office by train.

-          She doesn't live in a small house.

-          He usually doesn't wear a black tie.

-          We usually don't greet the teachers if we meet them.

-          Mira always doesn’t use the black shoes

Yes/No Questions

            Yes/No Questions untuk Simple Present Tense dibuat dengan menempatkan kata bantu does/do atau be is/am/are sebelum subject. Perhatikan formula berikut:

Does/Do + Subject + Verb1 + Object + Modifier?

Contoh:

1. Do farmers in Jati Bali grow rice crops twice a year? (Apakah petani-petani di Jati Bali bercocok tanam padi dua kali setahun?).
2. Do some students usually conduct research on vegetative plant propagations? (Apakah beberapa siswa biasanya melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif?).
3. Does transpiration start to increase at 8 a.m? (Apakah transpirasi mulai meningkat jam 8 pagi?).

Contoh-contoh lainnya :

 Do/Does + Subject + Verb 1 + Object + Every …. ? Yes / No …

3        Do you work at the office?

4        Do you go to the office by train?

5        Does she live in a small house?

6        Does he usually wear a black tie?

7        Do we greet the teachers if we meet them?

8        Does he often come here with her ?

Interrogative

Wh + do/ does + Subject + Verb 1 + Object + Every ?

Contoh-contoh Kalimatnya :

9        What does Sinta cook every Morning ?

10    Why do they use the uniform every day, except Sunday?

11    When does Amir usually wear a green shoes?

12    Where do I greet the teachers?

5 . Simple Past Tense

            Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk fakta-fakta atau peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lampau. Contoh:

• I played tennis with some guys from work yesterday.
• We stayed in Shanghai for five days.
• I went to USA last week.
• She studied English last month.
• They bought a new house two months ago.
• You called me yesterday.
• Kikan brought a Novel last morning

            Kata kerja simple past tense (kata kerja bentuk ke-2) yang reguler dibentuk dengan menambahkan “-ed” pada akhiran kata kerja. Contoh:

• jump -> jumped: The dog jumped over the fence.
• walk -> walked: I walked 22 kilometers yesterday.
• work -> worked: We worked together as lawyers for 15 years.

Kegunaan

            Simple past tense digunakan untuk menyatakan sebuah tindakan yang telah selesai dilakukan. Contoh:

• We watched a movie at the weekend (kami menonton film di akhir pekan)
• She arrived on Thursday (dia tiba hari Kamis)

Waktu spesifik harus dinyatakan atau diisyaratkan. Contoh:

• I walked to work this morning - Dalam kalimat ini waktunya disebutkan
• I walked to work - Dalam kalimat ini waktu tidak disebutkan, tetapi konteks kalimatnya dapat membuat kita memahami waktu yang dimaksud (yakni waktu lampau).

            Kalimat negatif

            Kalimat negatif simple past tense dibuat dengan did dan not. Did adalah bentuk lampau dari kata kerja to do. Did dan not sering disingkat menjadi didn’t. Contoh:
- I arrived in London on Monday -> I didn’t arrive on Sunday.
- They stayed at the Vivaldi Hotel -> They didn’t stay at the Carlton Hotel.

-  We didn’t play in the beach

-  Sinta didn’t catch the information

-  Amir didn’t watch the television

-  He didn’t work in his office

-  My daddy didn’t go to the Hawai on Monday

-  They didn’t do their homework

-  They didn’t swim on Saturday

            Karena “did” merupakan bentuk lampau, maka kata kerja utama tidak mengalami perubahan. Contoh:

• We didn’t live in Italy. Did adalah bentuk lampau sehingga live tidak dirubah menjadi bentuk lampau.
• We didn’t lived in Italy. Kalimat ini tidak benar

            Kalimat bertanya 1.

Pertanyaan dibuat dengan menempatkan did sebelum subjek. Contoh:

• You lived in Japan -> Did you live in Japan?
• They stayed at the Vivaldi Hotel -> Did they stay at the Vivaldi Hotel?

Kata kerja utama juga tidak berubah (tidak diganti menjadi bentuk lampau), contoh:
- You lived in Japan -> Did you lived in Japan? (tidak benar)
- You lived in Japan -> Did you live in Japan? (benar)

           

Kata kerja tidak beraturan

            Ada banyak kata kerja simple past tense yang tidak beraturan (irregular verbs) dalam bahasa Inggris, yakni tidak ditambahkan -ed. Berikut beberapa kata kerja tidak beraturan yang paling umum.

be - was/were become - became begin - began break - broke bring - brought build - built buy - bought catch - caught choose - chose come - came do - did draw -drea eat - ate feel - felt fight - fought find - found fly - flew forget - forgot get - got give - gave go - went have - had hear - heard hit - hit know - knew learn - learnt/learned leave - left lose - lost

make - made meet - met pay - paid read - read ride - rode run - run say - said sell - sold send - sent shut - shut sing - sang sit - sat sleep - slept smell - smelt/smelled speak - spoke stand - stood swim - swam take - took teach - taught tell - told think - thought understand - understood wear - wore win - won write - wrote

            Kalimat Bertanya 2 (dalam Simple Past Tense)

            Wh + did + Subject + Verb 1 + Object + KWL (ket.waktu lampau)?

            Contoh-contoh kalimatnya:

-          What did we do last summer?

-          When did they watch Harry Potter?

-          Why did you kick me yesterday?

-          Where did I buy this miracle?

-          How did I go to buy this bag?

-          What did you cook last morning?

-          How did you do that?

-          When did we play football?

            6  . The Present Perfect Tense

Formula untuk Present Perfect Tense adalah:

Subject + (has/have) + verb3 + object + modifier

Contoh:

1. Farmers in Jati Bali have grown rice crops since 1970. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali telah menanam padi sejak tahun 1970).
2. Some students have conducted research on vegetative plant propagations for two months. (Beberapa siswa telah melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif selama 2 bulan).
3. Transpiration has started to increase since three hours ago. (Transpirasi telah mulai meningkat sejak tiga jam yang lalu).

Note: HAS VERB3 digunakan jika subjectnya singular, yaitu jika subjectnya adalah he, she, it dan noun yang dapat digantikan dengan subject pronoun he, she atau it. Sebaliknya, HAVE VERB3 digunakan jika subjectnya plural, yaitu jika subjectnya adalah I, you, they, we, dan noun yang dapat digantikan dengan subject pronoun I, you, they, atau we.

Penggunaan For dan Since

Khusus untuk penggunaan present perfect tense yang ketiga ini, waktu kejadian/aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh subject dinyatakan dengan menggunakan for dan since. For (berarti selama) diikuti oleh durasi atau lamanya waktu kejadian. Misalnya: for thirty years (selama 30 tahun), for ten minutes (selama 10 menit), for a week (selama seminggu), etc. Sedangkan, since (berarti sejak) diikuti oleh kapan kejadian/aktivitas itu dimulai. Misalnya: since 1985 (sejak tahun 1985), since January (sejak bulan Januari), since 2 o’clock (sejak jam 2), etc.

Perhatikan kelima contoh di atas. Jika for diganti dengan since, atau sebaliknya, maka kalimat di atas menjadi:

1. I have lived in this house since 2000. (Saya telah tinggal di rumah ini sejak  tahun 2000).
2. We have studied English for a month. (Kita telah belajar bahasa Inggris selama 1 bulan).
3. He has married her since 1990. (Dia telah mengawininya sejak tahun 1990).
4. Mr. Johnson has worked in the same place for twenty-nine years. (Pak  Johnson telah bekerja di tempat yang sama selama 29 tahun).
5. She has waited for her boyfriend since an hour ago. (Dia telah menunggu pacarnya sejak sejam yang lalu).

Negative Form

Bentuk negatif kalimat dalam Present Perfect Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan not setelah auxilary has/have, seperti yang terlihat dalam formula berikut,

Subject + (has/have) + not + verb3 + object + modifier

Note: (has not) dapat disingkat menjadi hasn’t, sedangkan (have not) dapat disingkat menjadi haven’t.

Contoh:                                                               

1. John has not traveled around the world.  (John belum bertamasya ke seluruh dunia).
2. She has not read the entire book. (Dia belum membaca buku itu secara keseluruhan).
3. I have not eaten. (Saya belum makan).
4. Someone has not stolen my book. (Seseorang belum mencuri buku saya).
5. They have not gone.  (Mereka belum pergi).
6. I have not seen the Titanic three times. (Saya belum nonton Titanic tiga kali).
7. She has not fallen in love ten times. (Dia belum jatuh cinta 10 kali).
8. They have not passed the exam two times. (Mereka belum lulus ujian 2 kali).
9. My car has not broken down five times. (Mobil saya belum mogok 5 kali).
10. Our dean has not punished that very rebellious student three times. (Dekan kita belum menghukum mahasiswa yang sangat membangkang itu 3 kali).
11. I have not lived in this house for nine years. (Saya belum tinggal di rumah ini selama 9 tahun).
12. We have not studied English for a month. (Kita belum belajar bahasa Inggris selama sebulan).
13. He has not married her for nineteen years. (Dia belum mengawininya selama 19tahun).
14. Mr. Johnson has not worked in the same place for twenty-nine years. (Mr Johnson belum bekerja di tempat yang sama selama 29 tahun).
15. She has not waited for her boyfriend for an hour. (Dia belum menunggu pacarnya selama satu jam).

Yes/No Questions

Yes/No Questions untuk Present Perfect Tense adalah sebagai berikut:

(Has/have) + subject + verb3+ object + modifier?

Contoh:

1. Has John traveled around the world?  (Apakah John telah bertamasya ke seluruh dunia?).
2. Has she read the entire book? (Apakah dia telah membaca buku itu secara keseluruhan?).
3. Have you eaten? (Apakah kamu telah makan?).
4. Has someone stolen your book?  (Apakah seseorang telah mencuri buku kamu?).
5. Have they gone?  (Apakah mereka telah pergi?).
6. Have you seen the Titanic three times? (Apakah kamu telah nonton film Titanic tiga kali?).
7. Has she fallen in love ten times? (Apakah dia telah jatuh cinta 10 kali?).
8. Have they failed the exam twice? (Apakah mereka telah gagal ujian 2 kali?).
9. Has your car broken down five times? (Apakah mobil kamu telah mogok 5 kali?).
10. Has our dean punished that very rebellious student three times? (Apakah dekan kita telah menghukum mahasiswa yang sangat membangkang itu 3 kali?).
11. Have you lived in this house for nine years? (Apakah kamu telah tinggal di rumah ini selama  9 tahun?).
12. Have we studied English for a month? (Apakah kita telah belajar bahasa Inggris selama 1 bulan?).
13. Has he married her for nineteen years? (Apakah dia telah mengawininya selama 19 tahun?).
14. Has Mr. Johnson worked in the same place since 1980? (Apakah pak  Johnson telah bekerja di tempat yang sama sejak tahun 1980?).
15. Has she waited for her boyfriend for an hour? (Apakah dia telah menunggu pacarnya selama satu jam?).

            Penggunaan already dan yet

a. Adverb already digunakan untuk mempertegas pernyatakan bahwa sesuatu telah atau belum terjadi pada waktu yang tidak spesifik (unspecified time) di masa lampau. Already (telah/sudah) digunakan pada kalimat positif, sedangkan yet (belum) digunakan pada kalimat negatif dan kalimat tanya.

             Diakhir kalimat tanpa merubah arti kalimat, seperti terlihat dalam formula berikut:.

Subject + (has/have) + already + verb3 + object + modifier

Atau

Subject + (has/have) + Verb3 + object + modifier + already

Contoh:

1. John has already traveled around the world.  Atau, John has traveled around the world already.
2. She has already read the entire book. Atau, She has read the entire book already.
3. I have already eaten. Atau, I have eaten already.
4. Someone has already stolen my book. Atau, Someone has stolen my book already.
5. They have already gone. Atau, They have gone already.
6. I have already seen the Titanic three times. Atau, I have seen the Titanic three times already.
7. She has already fallen in love ten times. Atau, She has fallen in love ten times already.
8. They have already failed the exam twice. Atau, They have failed the exam twice already.
9. My car has already broken down five times. Atau, My car has broken down five times already.
10. Our dean has already punished that very rebellious student three times. Atau, Our dean has punished that very rebellious student three times already.

b. Adverb yet digunakan pada negative form (kalimat negative) dan interogative form (kalimat tanya), yang biasanya ditempatkan di akhir kalimat, seperti pada formula berikut ini:

Subject + (has/have) +  not + verb3 + object + modifier + yet

            Selain itu, yet juga bisa juga ditempatkan di tengah kalimat (yaitu setelah  has/have) dengan formula sebagai berikut:

Subject + (has/have) + yet + (to + Verb1) + object + modifier

            Note: verb3 berubah menjadi infinitive (to + verb1). Dan, walaupun tidak ada not, kalimat ini bermakna negatif (maknanya sama dengan jika yet ditempatkan di akhir kalimat).

Contoh:

1. John has not traveled around the world yet. Atau, John has yet to travel around the world.
2. She has not read the entire book yet. Atau, She has yet to read the entire book.
3. I have not eaten yet. Atau, I have yet to eat.
4. Someone has not stolen my book yet. Atau, Someone has yet to steal my book
5. They haven’t gone yet. Atau, They have yet to go.
6. I have not seen the Titanic three times yet. Atau, I have yet to see the Titanic three times.
7. She hasn’t fallen in love ten times yet. Atau, She has yet to fall in love ten times.
8. They haven’t passed the exam twice yet. Atau, They have yet to pass the exam twice.
9. My car hasn’t broken down five times yet. Atau, My car has yet to break down five times.
10. Our dean hasn’t punished that very rebellious student three times yet. Atau, Our dean has yet to punish that very rebellious student three times.

Dalam kalimat tanya, yet umumnya ditempatkan diakhir kalimat.

Contoh:

1. Has John traveled around the world yet?
2. Has she read the entire book yet?
3. Have you eaten yet?
4. Has someone found your book yet?
5. Have they gone yet?  etc.

Kesimpulan

Dari penjelasan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa present perfect tense pada prinsipnya digunakan untuk:

1. Untuk menekankan SUDAH/ BELUM. Kamu sudah makan belum? (Have you eaten yet?)
2. Untuk menekankan SUDAH BERAPA KALI. Sudah berapa kali kamu makan hari ini? (How many times have you eaten today?).
3. Untuk menekankan DURASI kejadian/aktivitas. Sudah berapa lama kamu belum makan? (For how long haven’t you eaten yet?

ALHAMDULILLAH

_F.I.N.I.S.H_

^^